书目:Chasing the Sea——Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, Tom Bissel
作者:Tom Bissel
出版时间:2003年
Synosis of Chapter One
第一章梗概
Tom Bissel narrates his experience of arriving at the airport in Ubekistan and his first few stays in the homestay with Oleg and Natasha. He elaborates the story of the Aral Sea and analyzes how its disappearing is direct result of then policies of Soviet Union, and yet its collapse in 1991 did not change much of what had happened here. Rather, the situation exacerbates. He numerates the catastrophies that it has brought to the neighboring areas and its people, normadic Karakalpaks; most astoundingly, how the rest of the country stays ignorant of such impacts.
印象深刻的四个细节:
1. 他的引用源要比Fatland和刘子超丰富,通常这些引用会佐证西方视角下的中亚和他对于这个国家的preoccupation。比如说, “The famed geopolitician Sir Halford Mackinder once wrote that Central Asia was “the greatest natural fortress in the world.” Massive, sometimes flat, sometimes mountainous, sometimes terrifically hot, other times frigidly cold, plagued with thousands of miles of penetrable borders, lacking an identifiable geographic center, and home to citizens known figuratively and sometimes literally to cut the colonialist’s throat, Central Asia has been the death sentence of several empires that attempted to hold on to it. The Soviet Union, the last empire to try, had some innovative ideas to obviate the concerns of previous empires. ”
2. Fatland 在中亚呆了6个月,刘子超断断续续9年,Tom是6周。其他非虚构作家中,只有扶霞(Dunlop Fuscian)是真正在成都学习生活,还报名了成都高等专科厨师学校,进入了当地人的生活领地;何伟(Peter Hessler)也是进入了涪陵师范教书生活,且和他当年的部分学生保持了持续的联系,《江城》那本书也是当地人李雪顺老师(他在涪陵师范的同事)翻译的。真正走进去跳出来的人看到的东西,和只是走进去的人看到的东西是不一样的,Tom提到和平队志愿者“bring back poems and stories”,这些诗歌和故事是他们个人的经历,更值得追问的是,是什么样的社会环境让他们如此思考。而读扶霞的书,真的是以小见大,既能看到我们,也能看到英国,或者西方。这种反思性不是落在概念层面,而是落在细节里。我比较喜欢这样的写作,一下子就被吸引进去了。和其他四位作家相比,Tom也有不一样的地方,他是homestay,真正住到了当地人的家里,而不是旅店、酒店、学校里的飞地,所以他对于当地人的生活方式、家具布景、日常三餐可以有相对如实的还原。这部分写得很生动,他的写作善用重复repetition,读起来哈哈大笑。比如,他的第一顿家常饭,有manty, shurpa, meat, noodles,描述完每一道菜,他都会加一句,**食物很好,但是它曾让我拉肚子**,只有面条是个例外,所以他先解决了面条。
3. Fatland和Tom的书都给人一种:我看你怎么看中亚的视角。作为读者,我们都很清楚他们各自持有的偏见,但是往往也提供给在苏联政体影响和成长起来的我们一种重新审视环境的视角。比如他提到,乌兹别克斯坦在苏联解体之后火速拆除了苏联时期的系统(包括地名、街道等),恢复了之前的名称,比如Dushababe杜尚别,而不是Stalingaard斯大林格德,但恰恰是这种迅速拆除的作风,其实是苏联特色的,不知道在拆除看得见的“苏联形式”时,有无反思“看不见的苏联形式”呢?
4. 作者的个性也会影响他的思考深度。我喜欢书里面出现一些作者从困惑到顿悟的描述。发生了什么?看到了什么?印证了什么?还是wait, let me think!oh i had an epiphany. Tom在第一章的最后放了一个场景,是他的homestay夫妇接起了电话,因为听不到电话那头儿子的声音,所以开始吵架。他解释听不到是因为乌兹别克斯坦的科技还是树屋级别的水平,落笔是首都城市中心小区楼下啼叫的公鸡。 “Below my window, in the center of Central Asia’s biggest, richest, most cosmopolitan city, a rooster was crowing.” 这种反差给人的冲击就挺强,哪怕没有画面,文字也是能感受到的。但是他没有追踪自己的“困惑”,没有回到当地人的视角看当地。有点遗憾。扶霞的书,就做到了这一点。